Origin: Wool is a natural protein fiber obtained from the fleece of sheep and other animals such as goats (cashmere and mohair), rabbits (angora), and alpacas. Sheep are the primary source of wool, with different breeds producing various qualities of wool.

Process of Making Wool Fibers:

Shearing: Wool production begins with shearing, the process of cutting the fleece from sheep, typically done annually in the spring. Skilled shearers remove the fleece in one piece to maintain its integrity and quality.

Scouring: The raw wool, known as grease wool, contains impurities like lanolin (wool grease), dirt, and vegetable matter. Scouring involves washing the wool in a series of baths containing detergents and alkalis to remove these impurities. The result is clean wool, ready for further processing.

Carding: Scoured wool is carded to disentangle and align the fibers. Carding machines use rotating drums covered with fine wire teeth to produce a continuous web of fibers, which is then condensed into slivers. Carding also helps blend fibers to achieve uniform quality.

Combing (Optional): For high-quality woolen fabrics, an additional combing process is used to remove short fibers and further align the long fibers. The resulting product is called combed sliver, which is used to produce worsted yarns known for their smoothness and strength.

Spinning: The carded (or combed) wool slivers are drawn and twisted into yarn through spinning. Different spinning techniques such as ring spinning, mule spinning, and worsted spinning affect the yarn's characteristics, including its thickness, strength, and finish.

Weaving or Knitting: Wool yarns are woven or knitted into fabric. Woven wool fabrics, such as tweed and flannel, are typically used for suits, skirts, and outerwear. Knitted wool fabrics are used for items like sweaters, scarves, and hats. The choice of weave or knit pattern affects the fabric's texture and drape.

Uses: Wool is prized for its warmth, natural elasticity, and moisture-wicking properties. It is used in a variety of applications including apparel (sweaters, coats), home textiles (blankets, rugs), and technical textiles (insulation, upholstery).

Conclusion: The production of natural fibers like cotton and wool involves a series of intricate processes from cultivation and harvesting to spinning and fabric formation. Understanding these processes provides insight into the complexity and craftsmanship involved in textile manufacturing. Early education about these natural fibers can foster appreciation for the textile industry, encourage sustainable practices, and inspire future innovations in textile technology.

See how other Textile Fibers Are Made: Cotton, Synthetics